Accurate Acoustic Signal Parameter Estimation for Marine Geodesy Surveys     

Liang Zhang  Jidan Mei  Adam Zielinski  Ping Cai 《Marine Geodesy》2016,39(1):77-97

Acoustic signal parameter estimation is important for diverse marine geodesy surveys and several other applications. However, the received signal from a far-field target characterized by planar wavefront propagation is frequently affected by strong nearby interfering signals. Their presence deteriorates the performance of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for far-field target. In order to enhance the reception of signal from far-field target, the near-field/far-field (NFFF) beamformer is proposed. Such a beamformer optimizes beam pattern for far-field detection by maximizing beamformer output in the direction of the far-field target with the imposed condition to eliminate interfering signals generated in near-field locations. As the interference suppression only occurs at the position of near-field interference, a possible blind zone for far-field detection in conventional methods is not created. The NFFF beamformer is applicable for coherent signals and the scenario with multi interferences. For stationary situation where interferers locations are fixed, the NFFF beamformer computations do not require time updates with associated computational load. Furthermore the proposed method can be extended to several new situations such as acoustic monitoring performed from a stationary platform subjected to water currents, waves, winds and other variables, all of them generating nearby interferences and also to different array configurations including 2D and 3D arrays.  相似文献   

以宏基因组技术探讨渤海秋冬季节病毒多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏骏  汪岷  宫政  姜勇  马玉  汪俭  邵红兵  王多兵  许志梦 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(3):572-580

为研究渤海海域病毒群落总体状况,本文以渤海的B47站表层海水为代表,对两个时间点(2010年9月,2011年12月)的病毒宏基因组做出全面分析。采集海水样品后过滤并经过切相流系统浓缩,提取DNA测序,再进行生物信息学分析,包括病毒组的种群分类、功能基因分析、系统进化分析等。分析结果指明,这两个时间点的病毒群落均由双链DNA病毒(97.75%,scaffold百分比)占据优势地位,其中尤以有尾噬菌体(80.86%,scaffold百分比)居多。按宿主区分,最大的一类病毒为聚球藻噬藻体(10.29%,scaffold百分比)。渤海病毒群落最为丰富的功能基因为复制、结合和修复基因,且冬季(33.77%,ORF百分比)大于秋季(16.39%,ORF百分比)。结果表明:在渤海病毒组中,(1)存在理论上只出现在亚热带海域的原绿球藻噬藻体;(2)物种组成、物种多样性、功能基因比例呈现季节变化;(3)相比远洋病毒组有一定独特性;(4)可能存在未知的T4-like病毒分支。  相似文献   

Submerged vegetation complexity modifies benthic infauna communities: the hidden role of the belowground system          下载免费PDF全文

Vanessa González‐Ortiz  Luis Gonzalo Egea  Rocio Jiménez‐Ramos  Francisco Moreno‐Marín  José Lucas Pérez‐Lloréns  Tjeerd Bouma  Fernando Brun 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):543-552

Marine plants provide a variety of functions with high economic and ecological values in ecosystems. The above‐ (AG) and below‐ground (BG) systems increase the structural complexity of plants, which also enhance faunal abundance and diversity. The ecological role of the AG compartment in structuring inter‐tidal macrobenthic communities has been widely studied; however, this is not the case for the BG compartment. This study addressed the effects of variation in vegetation complexity (in both AG and BG systems) on associated macrobenthic infauna with respect to abundance, species richness, composition, weight and body type. To achieve this aim, a field experiment using artificial vegetation mimics was carried out using replicated treatments with different AG‐BG complexity ratios. We found a significant increase in the density and the number of taxa of macrobenthic infaunal species in plots with vegetation mimics compared with unvegetated areas, regardless of either AG or BG complexity. This effect was found even when AG parts were not present (i.e. when only BG parts were used). Furthermore, a positive relationship between structural complexity and diversity was recorded. Variation in one or both plant compartments was strongly related to diversity changes in the associated macrobenthic infauna. In conclusion, our experimental set‐up provides the first evidence that the BG compartment is at least as important as the AG compartment in controlling diversity in inter‐tidal vegetated areas because it was able to strongly affect community structure even when the AG system was totally absent.  相似文献   

基于河口潮间带底栖微藻群落水平的环境质量状态评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杜国英  郑异教  许恒龙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(6):112-120

The feasibility of community-based bioassessment of environmental quality status was studied using microphytobenthos(MPB) in estuarine intertidal ecosystems.The sediment samples of MPB were collected monthly during a 1-year cycle(September 2006–August 2007) at four sampling stations in the Nakdong River Estuary,Korea.Environmental variables,such as salinity,radiation,grain size of sediment,Si(OH)_4(Si),nitrate(NO_3~–),nitrite(NO_2~–),ammonium(NH_4~+) and phosphates(PO_4~(3–)),were measured synchronously for comparison with biotic parameters.The statistical analyses were carried out for assessment the relationship between biotic and environmental parameters.The results showed that:(1) the MPB community structures were significant differences among four sampling stations;(2) spatial variation in the MPB communities were significantly correlated with environmental variables,especially the nutrient NH_4+ in combination with salinity and grain size;(3) three species(Navicula lacustris,Pleurosigma anglulatum and Fragilaria sp.1) were significantly correlated with nutrients and/or Si;and(4) the species richness and diversity were significantly correlated with the grain size.It is suggested that MPB communities may be used as a potentially robust bioindicator for assessing environmental quality status in estuarine intertidal ecosystems.  相似文献   

预处理方法对海洋微藻Isochrysis zhanjiangenisis脂肪酸组成及稳定碳同位素的影响     

姚敬元  刘瑀  李颖  王海霞 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(6):1-6

This study aims to quantify the effects of different pretreatment methods on the stable carbon isotope values of fatty acids in marine microalgae(Isochrysis zhanjiangenisis).To identify the effects of sample preparation on theδ~(13)C value and the fatty acid composition,we examined eight types of pretreatment methods including:(a) drying the sample followed by direct methyl esterification using HCl-CH_3OH;(b) drying the sample followed by direct methyl esterification using H_2SO_4-CH_3OH;(c) drying the sample by ultrasonic extraction and methylesterification using HCl-CH_3OH;(d) drying the sample by ultrasonic extraction and methyl-esterification using H_2SO_4-CH_3OH;(e) fresh sample followed by direct methyl-esterification using HCl-CH_3OH;(f) fresh sample followed by direct methyl-esterification using H_2SO_4-CH_3OH;(g) fresh sample with ultrasonic extraction followed by methyl-esterification using HCl-CH_3OH,and(h) fresh sample with ultrasonic extraction followed by methylesterification using H_2SO_4-CH_3 OH.The results show that the δ~(13)C values from Groups a–e,g and h fluctuated within 0.3‰,and the δ~(13)C values of Group f were approximately 0.7‰ lower than the other seven groups.Therefore,the different sample pretreatment methods used towards the extraction of fatty acids from marine microalgae may result in different results regarding the stable carbon isotope ratios,and if necessary a correction should be applied.  相似文献   

风浪和海洋飞沫对海表面拖曳系数和风廓线的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张婷  宋金宝  李爽  杨联贵 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(11):79-85

基于埃克曼理论,本文将波致应力和飞沫应力引入到海-气边界层的界面应力中,来研究海表面风浪和海洋飞沫对海-气边界层动量交换的影响,并得到修改后的埃克曼模型的理论解。波致应力是由风浪谱和波增长函数估计,并得到在中低风速下,波致应力、飞沫应力与湍流应力相比,对海表面拖曳系数和风廓线的影响非常小。当风速高于25米/秒时,海洋飞沫通过飞沫应力对海-气界面应力的作用远高于波致应力,以至于波致应力可以忽略。海表面拖曳系数在高风速下,随着风速的增大而减小。通过采用风浪谱的不同波龄,得到海洋飞沫的产生会导致海-气边界层风速的增加。最后,理论解与现场的观察数据进行了对比。对比后的数据表明,在中高风速下,飞沫对海-气边界层的影响远大于表面风浪。  相似文献   

Monitoring the recovery of a previously exploited surf-zone fish community in the St Lucia Marine Reserve,South Africa,using a no-take sanctuary area as a benchmark     

BQ Mann  H Winker  JQ Maggs  SN Porter 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(3):423-441

Limiting accessibility to a fishing area can reduce fishing effort effectively and may therefore promote local recovery of depleted stocks. In January 2002, beach driving was banned in South Africa, thereby reducing angler access to large areas of the coastline, particularly in less-developed areas. In November 2001 a project had been established in the St Lucia Marine Reserve, on the east coast of South Africa, to compare surf-zone fish populations inside a no-take sanctuary zone with those in an adjacent exploited area. Subsequent to the ban, the aim of the project was adapted such that surf-zone fish populations were monitored for potential recovery in what had been the exploited area, located to the north of Cape Vidal, which anglers could no longer access easily, because of the prohibition on beach driving. Standardised research fishing was conducted at two sites in the previously exploited area and two sites in the no-take sanctuary. Conventional stock-status indicators showed evidence of recovery in the four most common species caught in the previously exploited area, in terms of both abundance and biomass. Generalised additive mixed models were used to account for the influence of targeting specific species; however, subtle differences in habitat between the sampling sites, improved angling skill over time, variability in recruitment, and differential species-specific responses complicated interpretation of results. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of the future monitoring and management of marine protected areas both within the St Lucia Marine Reserve and farther afield.  相似文献   

Structure and dynamics of demersal fish assemblages over three decades (1985–2012) of increasing fishing pressure in Guinea     

ML Camara  B Mérigot  F Leprieur  JA Tomasini  I Diallo  M Diallo 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(2):189-206

In a context of growing fishing pressures and recommendations for an ecosystem approach to fisheries, there is a need to monitor changes in fish communities over time. In this study, we analysed data from scientific trawl surveys carried out on the continental shelf off Guinea between 1985 and 2012. We performed factorial analyses and calculated biodiversity indices to characterise the changes in the structure and composition of fish communities that occurred over the 28-year period in this area, particularly given intensive fishing activities. We show that, over the study period, fish communities on the Guinean shelf were structured primarily according to spatial factors, with temporal changes being less pronounced than expected. However, a temporal analysis of biodiversity indices and species dominance showed that the intensification of fishing had significant effects on the general ecological features of the fish assemblages under study. There was a decrease in fish density and in mean trophic level. In addition, there were changes in species dominance, whereby large, slow-growing species with high commercial value were gradually replaced by smaller, fast-growing species of lesser commercial interest. These results from field observations are in line with some conclusions from previous modelling studies in the same geographical area, and provide further support for the hypothesis of a progressive ‘ecosystem effect of fishing’ occurring in Guinean waters.  相似文献   

福建兴化湾中部表层海水及沉积物中重金属含量特征与生态风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

王伟力  王继纲  林彩  刘洋  林辉 《应用海洋学学报》2016,35(2):284-293

分析研究了兴化湾中部表层海水Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量发现,表层海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量均符合海水水质一类标准,对表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、As等6种重金属含量分析表明,6种重金属含量均符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准.表层海水中重金属与环境因子相关性分析表明,6种重金属与环境的相关性在不同季节中存在差异;而表层沉积物中重金属与环境因子的分析表明,重金属具有相近的来源,有机质对沉积物中重金属的含量分布具有重要影响.主成分分析结果表明,兴化湾中部表层沉积物7种重金属主要来源为有机质的降解、沉积环境本身及工业排污的影响,其贡献率分别为59.48%、15.30%、10.98%,3个主成分的贡献率合计达到85.76%.潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As均属轻微生态危害.  相似文献   

扩散型海洋倾倒区容量估算方法初探——以嵊泗上川山疏浚物海洋倾倒区为例          下载免费PDF全文

何东海  龙绍桥  辛士河  江志法  沈继平  郭清荣 《应用海洋学学报》2016,35(2):294-301

以嵊泗上川山疏浚物海洋倾倒区为例,探讨扩散型海洋倾倒区容量.通过生态敏感目标水质保护要求来确定倾倒活动最大倾倒强度;以最大倾倒强度及倾倒区本身和周边海域港航功能正常发挥为前提,确定水深可淤积厚度,以此为基础,分析系列倾倒量下的区域淤积影响程度,最终确定可接受情况下的倾倒量,从而估算倾倒容量.倾倒活动产生的悬浮物影响对生态敏感目标影响分析,倾倒活动瞬时最大可接受倾倒强度至少为36 000 m3(基于实际工况);在7个月倾倒期内,设定1 500×104、4 000×104、6 000×104m3系列倾倒量,分析倾倒区本身及周边水深敏感目标的淤积程度,最终确定在1 500×104m3倾倒量下,淤积程度可接受,初步估算该倾倒区的容量为1 500×104~2 000×104m3.  相似文献